The day-to-day administration of justice is less complex than the formal machinery of the justice system. A truant high school student is ordered to attend an alternative school and complete community service hours. Prosecuting attorneys make ________ decisions about whether to pursue criminal charges, which charges to make, and what sentence to recommend. A convicted shoplifter must serve one year of probation and repay the store. Discretion - Authority to make decisions based on totality of circumstances, separate judicial system for each state and for national system. The major components of the criminal justice system do not make up a smoothly functioning and internally consistent organization. Quiz 1 – Chapter 2 – Models of Criminal Justice. Perhaps the most direct function is that the legislature determines what acts are crimes and what the punishment is for particular crimes. The protection of individual rights and freedoms is of utmost importance and has often be aligned more with a liberal perspective. The criminal justice system comprises institutions, policies, and practices with the goal of maintaining social control and deterring crime through sanctions and rehabilitation. Municipal fines are issued by non-courts of record within the ________ branch of city gov. Another goal is to reform offenders so they become good patrons in society. There are five different goals of criminal sentencing, and dif… Their projections are the backbone of the insurance and financial security industries. offenses that are considered wrong by their very nature are traditionally referred to as: actions that violate laws defining which socially harmful behaviors will be subject to the government's power to impose punishments. (district attorney, county attorney, assistance district/county attorneys. Only about ____ % of all criminal cases go to trial, Instead of going to trial a _______ arrived at through the interactions of prosecutors, lawyers and judges determines what will happen to most offenders, Plea bargaining saves an enormous amount of _____ and ______ within the CJS, Power divided between a central (national) government and regional (state & Local) governments, No single level of gov is _______ for administration of criminal justice. Most county jails operate at the ______ level, administered by an elected _______, County jail holds _____ trial detainees who are _____ until proven guilty, County jails also hold convicted offenders _______ to prison or serving short-term sentences _____, State prisons hold convicted criminal offenders sentenced to ________ in either state jail or a prison unit, State prisons hold individuals convicted of _____ level offenses in Texas, offenders in the community by building ties to family, employment, and other normal sources of stability and success. Thus, when we refer to the criminal code (also calle… avoid expenses and consequences of imprisonment, the conditional release of an inmate for incarceration, under supervision, after part of the prison sentence has been served, The Parole division does not make _______ decisions, no does it decide whole parole should be _______, The _______ and ______ holds the authority to make decisions for release and whose parole should be revoked, geographic territory or legal boundaries with which control may be exercised; the range of a courts authority, often times acts violated at a state and federal level cause jurisdictions to ______, state or body politic of people as a whole. According to Cole and Smith, which of the following is NOT a goal of the criminal justice system? 2. The criminal justice sys - tem is explored in numerous books. Texas falls under the _____ US circuit court of appeals, All _______ cases go straight to court of appeals no matter what, Method of election of judges in texas is _______. TRUE/FALSE. Walker proposes that most crime control ideas are based on false assumptions about how the CJS works. At the same time, however, rates of crime and recidivism are not the only, or necessarily the best, measures of what criminal justice institutions do. Which of the following is a criminal activity that the federal government has power to control? One goal is preventing the crime from happening in the first place. Interdependent. What are the 3 levels of federal court system? Official versions of the law that are organized by subject are called codes. Criminal Law. A similar tone was set by the 'Policy Green Paper' published in early March 2008 by the Conservative Party, entitled ' Prisons with a purpose '. _____ refers to value, standard, or expectation concerning peoples behavior. 2. Integrity in the Criminal Justice System A serious impediment to the success of any anti-corruption efforts are corrupt justice sector institutions. The central purpose of the Criminal Justice System is to deliver an efficient, effective, accountable and fair justice process for the public. George T. Patterson, in Clinical Interventions in Criminal Justice Settings, 2018 Criminal Justice Initiatives. Criminal justice covers all areas of the American justice system. 1. What are the multiple roles of the American criminal justice system? 1. What is the overarching goal of the criminal justice system? Quiz 1 – Chapter 2 – Models of Criminal Justice. 1. system - Independant parts whose actions are directed towards goals and influenced by their environment 2. an institution authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanants for periods longer than 48 hrs. Many of these books present the In recent decades, historians and experts say, national crime policies have veered toward harshe… crimes such as gambling or prostitution that are nor "wrong in themselves" but are prohibited by government, are known as: longitudinal studies that follow individuals from childhood to adulthood in order to identify the factors associated with beginning, avoiding, continuing, or ceasing individual behavior. (1) Doing justice, (2) controlling crime and (3) preventing crime. Chief legal officer of the state, responsible for both civil and criminal matters. The most important goal of the criminal justice system is to punish bad behavior and keep the streets of the city safe. or charged with criminal offenses. The severity differs because the purpose of each punishment differs. In some ways, these three components can be seen as subsystems of the broader criminal justice system. The objective of modeling, then, has been to demonstrate the utility of crime theory by examining the type of criminal justice system implied by particular theories of crime. measures for the performance of the Nation’s criminal justice system. Most people go to jail because they did something wrong, therefore endangering people's lives, so the police throw them in jail, so that they will no longer be a threat to society. The term legislature refers to lawmaking assemblies such as the Congress of the United States or the lawmaking bodies of all the states. There are four main goals of the criminal justice system that all work together to improve and maintain justice in society. appointed by pres. In order for the criminal justice system to fulfill the goal of promoting justice Reiman suggests that in addition to ending poverty we must reduce the discretionary powers available to police officers, prosecutors and judges in addition to holding them accountable for the fairness and reasonableness of their decisions. Main role of … - Criminal cases begin at a trial court of some kind (Dep. Trial courts of _______ jurisdictions - jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies. Police/Law Enforcement, court system and correctional system are what? "the ripple effect" - Changes or current issues which effect one component of the CJS will affect the other components in various and complex ways 3. - determining whether or not a defendant is guilty - ensuring fair procedures and hearing cases which are appealed, The term _______ refers to programs, services, facilities an organizations responsible for the management of people accused of a crime, The organization of corrections in the US is _______, with each level of gov holding some responsibility for corrections, State and local gov pay about ______% of the cost of all correctional activities in the nation. but the models of criminal justice that are implied by and that are logically consis-tent with particular theories of crime causation” (Einstadter & Henry, 1995:3). Each of these is an example of a criminal sentence, but notice the differences! The criminal justice system is a complex system comprised of four major components each with separate and distinct subcomponents. https://quizlet.com/126097787/ch-1-the-criminal-justice-system-flash-cards According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns the processes of arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the law is referred to as: no single level of government is solely responsible. Corrections. What specific powers does the US Constitution give to a national police force? 1. At the same time, meaningful reforms could increase equity without sacrificing deterrent impacts of these payments or the goal of supporting criminal justice operations … [This document examines] the use and impact of fines, fees and bail, and highlight[s] potential options for reform" (p. 2). Its critically important for individuals working within the CJS to understand _______? Identify and discuss two different goals that the criminal justice system has. Ken paxton for Texas, Prosecutors are elected usually for a _______ term, ________ have great influence because they are concerned with all aspects of the CJS process, Other professionals in CJS _____ must often times adjust their _____ and ______ to match the preferences of the prosecutor, each separate offense of which a person is accused in an indictment or an information. The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States. In the adversarial process Judges oversee interactions and _______. If one were to ask most professionals who work in the criminal justice system to identify the system’s A prosecutors pre-trial disclosure to the defense of facts and evidence to be introduced at trial. A central goal of incarceration as punishment in the criminal justice system is the philosophical goal of deterrence. For the general population, an individual convicted of a crime must not be allowed to … A convicted murderer is sentenced to death. What are the three main goals of the criminal justice system? According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and equity is referred to as: According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns the processes of arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing those who disobey the law is referred to as: no single level of government is solely responsible. According to Cole and Smith, the goal of criminal justice that concerns fairness and equity is referred to as: controlling crime. Ethically compromised justice sector institutions mean that the legal and institutional mechanisms designed to curb corruption, however well-targeted, efficient or honest, remain crippled. Examples of ripple effect within the CJS? It was founded in late September 1913 by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, a Jewish service organization, in the wake of the contentious conviction for murder of Leo Frank. That is almost where they’re similarities end. Officials responsible for the prosecution of crimes that violate laws of the US. What are the 4 key characteristics of theAmerican CJS? 1. GALILEO, University System of Georgia ... Criminal Justice Grants Collections Criminal Justice Summer 2017 Criminal Justice Research Methods Andrea Allen Clayton State University, andreaallen@clayton.edu ... A second goal of this textbook transformation is to streamline the course material and offer When police begin to arrest more offenders for drunk driving, more offenders will be sent to the courts, which in turn have implications that the corrections system. James Hicks - for taylor county. ACTUARIAL JUSTICE Actuarial justice refers to a theoretical model cur-rent in the criminal justice system that employs concepts and methods similar to actuarial mathe-matics. 3 main components that combine to form a complex system of process, - defines personal and property rights of individuals, a civil action - any one of various private injuries or wrongs, -law for the purpose of preventing harm to society, No individual component of the system operates to the _________ of the other 2, 1. system - Independant parts whose actions are directed towards goals and influenced by their environment, Many variables within the CJS cause the actions of one component to __________. The due process model focuses on having a just and fair criminal justice system for all and a system that does not infringe upon constitutional rights. Incapacitation. Corrections deals with criminals who have been tried and found guilty of a crime. someone who represents the defendant and their personal best interests. References CorrectionalOfficer.org: Intro to the American Criminal Justice System Actuaries evaluate future risks such as unemployment, illness, and death. These agencies process suspects, defendants, and convicted offenders and are interdependent insofar as the decisions of one agency affect other agencies. In the American system of federalism, which level of government is solely responsible for the administration of criminal justice? Court is responsible for adjudication which is what? An account prepared by a probation officer that assists the sentencing court in deciding an appropriate sentence for a convicted defendant. 3. An Interdependent Criminal Justice System Viewing the various components of criminal justice as a system highlights the fact that these different The glue that connects the criminal justice system's components? a key concept in the criminal justice process, involving the mutual transfer of resources among individual actors, is known as: which of the following terms refers to the authority to make decisions without references to specific rules or facts, relying on one's own judgement? In the US both state and federal courts use the __________ process, adversarial - prosecution and defense challenge each others evidence and arguments. The primary goals of the criminal justice system are: accurate identification of the person responsible, fair adjudication, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation and restoration. on Classification of offense), Do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions made in lower courts, Criminal defendants can _____ their cases by claiming that errors were made by police or trial process, trial courts of _______ jurisdiction - criminal courts with trial jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary matters in felony cases. Legislatures have many important functions in the criminal justice system. Name the three principles embodied in doing justice. The phrase criminal justice system refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that deal with the crime problem. Its … the decisions by Prosecuting attorneys are referred to as _______, Prosecutors have a great deal of _____ and ______ within the CJS, A legal representative of the state with sole responsibility for bringing criminal charges. Have a sound and ever increasing basis of knowledge regarding how the other components of the CJS _______? Rather, the criminal justice system is both interdependent and fragmented. In an adversarial process the prosecution and defense attempt to persuade a ______ regarding the defendants guilt or lack of. When it comes to the criminal justice system, analysts say that reducing inequality significantly would require an overhaul of the nation’s sentencing system, better diversion and prevention programs, prison reforms, more effective policing policies and training, and comprehensive support for former prisoners trying to mold stable lives. Goal one: doing justice. Criminal justice deals with all aspects of a crime from the time the crime is committed right up until the criminal is found guilty and sent to prison. Promoting Justice. These measures represent the basic goals of public safety to which all components of the criminal justice system contribute. The phrase criminal justice system is used to describe the three main compo-nents of criminal justice: the police, the courts, and corrections. Many believe that jail sentences discourage offenders from committing future criminal acts (specific deterrence) and to potential criminals about the possible costs of crime (general deterrence). 1. They do this by enacting statutes. In the adversarial process Judges often act as _______ from a sporting event. Probation sentences imposed for lesser offenses is an effort to _____? Their individual role and responsibilities. Criminology and criminal justice both deal with criminals and law enforcement. most criminal cases find resolution through _________, the _______ attorney advises the defendant and protects his or her constitutional rights at each stage of the criminal justice process, retained or assigned counsel who accept cases for large fees and participate daily in CJS, _______ are entitled to legal counsel even though they cannot afford it, 3 ways to provide indigent defendants with counsel, A collection of individuals who interact in the workplace on a continuing basis, If officers find sufficient ______ of a criminal offense being committed by an individual, an arrest can be made, the arrested suspect is transported to county jail or municipal jail where a record of the arrest s made, When charging, the arresting officer completes a ________ concerning the criminal incidents, In the ________ suspect is given a formal notice of charges bring brought against them, In a _____ case the prosecuting attorney can then present the case to an impaneled group of citizens, Grand jury decides weather there is enough evidence to ________ charging the suspect with a specific crime, The grand jury is designed to print _____ and _____ prosecutions and to decide whether there are grounds for prosecution, Grand jury _____ on whether to issue indictments against the suspect, in an ______ the accused person appears in court to hear the indictment read by a judge and to enter plea, Most criminal cases end in plea bargain at what stage of the process, _____ is for the small % of cases where defendant pleads not guilty and insists upon having a constitutional assured trial, most trials are _____ or ______ trials which means judge listens to arguments/witnesses from each side, decides guilt or innocence, _______ happens when a guilty verdict has been reached in a trial or the defendant has accepted the plea, ______ is a process defendants can do when found guilty to a higher appellate court, ______ refers to the courts sentence carried put, all levels of the CJS reflect a high degree of ______-, 1. system lacks resources to treat every case in the same manner, PO must understand the importance of their daily _____ and ____ with professionals from the other components of the system, PO must strive to be facilitators of ______ and ________ within the system, decisions are the products of interactions among individuals. The criminal justice system was put into place for several reasons. The criminal justice system aims to protect society by preventing future crimes from happening and by keeping criminals from committing more crimes. the constitution does not allow for a national police force with broad powers. All of the above have federal jurisdiction (terrorism, internet-based child pornography, interstate gang-related crimes, banking-related crimes). Operationally, the U.S. criminal justice system consists of three main parts: (1) law enforcement; (2) adjudication (courts); and (3) corrections. Increased arrests causes increases in court dockets.
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