At the time, average consumption levels in large urban areas in other countries was about 50 gallons a day per inhabitant; in Mexico City each person was using 95 gallons a day.4Another strong motivation for enlisting private administrators was the irrational rate structure and the municipality’s inability to collect payments. Although larger water users do pay more for their water, the rich spend a substantially smaller proportion of their incomes for the service than do the poor. This poses a grave problem for the megacity and its 21.1 million inhabitants, most of whom are bereft of vital infrastructure such as water. Similar regulatory initiatives are widely disregarded in the United States, too. Commercial water users—including industrial plants and service providers—pay up to 600% more for small volumes of water, but once their consumption reaches the highest rate bracket they pay virtually the same rate as households. As is true of many other such announcements, however, it remains to be seen if the resources for this project will be made available and if the wells will effectively achieve the intended goals. Twenty-nine water treatment plants are supposed to assure the suitability of water for normal use, but some 40% of the processed water is lost either to leakage in the primary and secondary networks or to people who do not pay for it. Although privatization has improved the efficiency of some aspects of the water system in Mexico City over the past decade, it has not effectively confronted the basic challenges facing the region. For centuries, colonial administrations in Mexico City simply exploited local lakes to meet the city’s water needs, rather than maintain the complex hydrological systems that earlier indigenous civilizations developed. The city has only one industrial-sized wastewater treatment plant, and although more than 94% of households in Mexico City are connected to sewage lines, little of the wastewater is treated.2 The 21 small sewage-processing plants only effectively handle about a tenth of the total discharge. Often, local administrators actually aided and abetted squatter movements in return for political support, thereby hastening environmental destruction. These “irregular” settlements transformed new communities into sites of “natural” disasters, while the clearing of nearby wooded areas for infrastructure and housing further diminished nature’s ability to recharge the aquifers. More water has been extracted from the aquifers on which the city still sits than was injected back into the subsoil to maintain the hydraulic balance. Followed by a film screening of Juan Viguié's NACLA relies on our supporters to continue our important work. Unfortunately, the haphazard pattern of urban development foreclosed these options. There may be other major global metropolises (e.g. Mexico City lies surrounded by high mountains in an elevated valley, about 7,800 feet above sea level, in the center of the country. The valley’s inhabitants lived on islands connected to each other by canals heavily trafficked by both people and goods. Nevertheless, the existing rate structure, together with the institutional framework that permits some to draw unlimited volumes of water from the common aquifer in the valley, continues to hinder any improvement in water conservation.7The harvesting of rainwater has only recently emerged as an important strategy. The city also was charged with expanding the service systems for both potable water and sewage.6Most people who have studied this arrangement agree that, during their first ten years, the concessions successfully achieved their objectives. This dispute is now being aired in the Supreme Court. The damage has not been limited to these national monuments. SOUTH FL. The newly-formed CNA focused on the impending water supply crisis in the metropolitan area and on creating a strong institutional structure to support its mandate to promote decentralization.3 Its most serious concern was the high cost of operating the system and the exceedingly large volume of water being consumed in the valley. Its average annual precipitation is about twice that of Los Angeles, and even exceeds that of famously damp London. The new systems are largely self-financing and have generated attractive profits for the companies, while liberating local government from covering the operational costs of the secondary network.
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